Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that encrypts the victim's files or locks them out of their own computer or digital device. The attackers then demand a ransom from the victim to restore access to the encrypted files or the device. Ransomware attacks are typically financially motivated, aiming to extort money from individuals, businesses, or organizations.

Here's how a typical ransomware attack works:

1. Infection: Ransomware is usually delivered through phishing emails, malicious attachments, infected software downloads, or compromised websites. Once the victim interacts with the ransomware payload, it executes and starts encrypting the files on the victim's system.
2. Encryption: The ransomware encrypts the victim's files using strong encryption algorithms, making them inaccessible without the unique decryption key held by the attackers.
3. Ransom Note: After encrypting the files, the ransomware displays a ransom note on the victim's screen, informing them that their files are locked, and they must pay a ransom to get the decryption key. The ransom note typically includes instructions on how to pay the ransom, often in cryptocurrency to maintain the attacker's anonymity.
4. Ransom Payment: If the victim decides to pay the ransom, they transfer the specified amount to the attacker's cryptocurrency wallet. In some cases, the attackers may provide a decryption tool or key to unlock the files upon payment. However, there is no guarantee that paying the ransom will result in the files being decrypted.

Ransomware attacks can have severe consequences, leading to data loss, disruption of business operations, financial losses, and damage to an organization's reputation. Some ransomware strains also threaten to leak or publish sensitive data if the ransom is not paid, adding an extra layer of extortion to the attack.